Established in 1962

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Beaufort Wind Scale
Force

Wind Speed

 Description

Effects on Land and at Sea
mph km/hr knots
0 <1 <1 <1 Calm Still, calm air, smoke will rise vertically. Water is mirror-like.
1 1-3
mph		 1-5
kph		 1-3
knots		 Light Air Rising smoke drifts, wind vane is inactive. Small ripples appear on water surface.
2 4-7
mph		 6-11
kph		 4-6
knots		 Light Breeze Leaves rustle, can feel wind on your face, wind vanes begin to move. Small wavelets develop, crests are glassy.
3 8-12
mph		 12-19
kph		 7-10
knots		 Gentle Breeze Leaves and small twigs move, light weight flags extend. Large wavelets, crests start to break, some whitecaps.
4 13-18
mph		 20-28
kph		 11-16
knots		 Moderate Breeze Small branches move, raises dust, leaves and paper. Small waves develop, becoming longer, whitecaps.
5 19-24
mph		 29-38
kph		 17-21
knots		 Fresh Breeze Small trees sway. White crested wavelets (whitecaps) form, some spray.
6 25-31
mph		 39-49
kph		 22-27
knots		 Strong Breeze Large tree branches move,  telephone wires begin to "whistle", umbrellas are difficult to keep under control. Larger waves form, whitecaps prevalent, spray.
7 32-38
mph		 50-61
kph		 28-33
knots		 Moderate or Near Gale Large trees sway, becoming difficult to walk. Larger waves develop, white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown.
8 39-46
mph		 62-74
kph		 34-40
knots		 Gale or Fresh Gale Twigs and small branches are broken from trees, walking is difficult. Moderately large waves with blown foam.
9 47-54
mph		 75-88
kph		 41-47
knots		 Strong Gale Slight damage occurs to buildings, shingles are blown off of roofs. High waves (6 meters), rolling seas, dense foam, Blowing spray reduces visibility.
10 55-63
mph		 89-102
kph		 48-55
knots		 Whole Gale or Storm Trees are broken or uprooted, building damage is considerable. Large waves (6-9 meters), overhanging crests, sea becomes white with foam, heavy rolling, reduced visibility.
11 64-72
mph		 103-117
kph		 56-63
knots		 Violent Storm Extensive widespread damage. Large waves (9-14 meters), white foam, visibility further reduced.
12 73+
mph		 118+
kph		 64+
knots		 Hurricane Extreme destruction, devastation. Large waves over 14 meters, air filled with foam, sea white with foam and driving spray, little visibility.

 

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